28.3 Olethreutinae

In hindwing 3 and 4 separate, vein 5 sometimes only slightly curved, these specimens have to be attributed to this alternative if in forewing the ocellus (sometimes indistinct or reduced) is lacking.

Forewing male without costal fold except for some Dichrorampha species.

11.0-19.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing yellowish grey; diffuse basal patch and narrow median fascia (often interrupted below middle) both brown; sometimes forewing reddish brown with obscure markings.

Male 16.0-18.0mm, female 20.0-23.0mm. Late May to early September.

In species attributed to this alternative forms occur, similar to female of B. robustana.

10.0-18.0mm. Mid May to mid September. Forewing vary variable in colour and markings; usually pale ochreous or brownish ochreous with dark crescent-shaped discocellular mark; costa strigulated darker. Forewing sometimes unicolorous pale ochreous or dark brown; not uncommon is a form with costal area pale ochreous and rest of wing dark brown. Male genitalia can be distinguished from the next two species without dissection by the spine cluster of the sacculus extending to anterior margin of sacculus.

In male genitalia tip of clustered spines not reaching to margin of sacculus.

15.0-19.0mm. Late June to late August (in Denmark). Forewing pale ochreous with dorsal area not or only slightly darker than costal area; longitudinal streak blackish grey or dark brown, forming usually an oblique discocellular dash; variability less than in B. lancealana.

10.0-17.0mm. June to August (in Central Europe). Forewing pale ochreous; markings similar to B. lancealana, brownish grey; variability as in that species.

See couplet 13.

See couplet 16.

13.0-15.5mm. Mid June to early August. Forewing dark greyish brown mixed ferruginous; broad fascia in distal third whitish; cilia plumbeous grey or dark greyish brown, white near tornus, blackish brown along termen, with some brownish-tipped cilia; pale cilia-line ill-defined and indistinct. Hindwing greyish brown, in male paler basally.

Undersized specimens occur, 12.0-14.0mm. June and July. Forewing grey and blackish brown; cilia plumbeous grey, white near tornus, dark brown along termen, with series of ochreous or greyish ochreous-tipped cilia, pale cilia-line present. Hindwing dark grey, somewhat darker distally, sometimes for the greater part greyish white.

Early May to early August. Forewing dark greyish brown; cilia brownish grey, white near tornus, broadly blackish along termen, with some ochreous-tipped cilia, pale cilia-line often ill-defined. Hindwing dark grey, greyish white in basal area

11.0-17.0mm. Late May to early July. Forewing blackish grey; striated brownish black and with veins more or less distinctly lined with brownish black; large dorsal blotch sometimes paler or obscure.

Forewing with median fascia often indistinct or not reaching costa.

10.0-14.0mm. Late May to early July. Forewing with markings blackish brown. Hindwing dark brown, cilia paler. This dark form very similar to E. ustulana. See couplet 11.

10.0-13.0mm. June and July (in Britain). Forewing slightly narower than in E. pullana; markings brown and blackish brown, somewhat better defined than in E. pullana. Hindwing blackish brown, cilia paler.

See couplet 67.

18.0-23.0mm. Early June to early October. Forewing ochreous brown; basal patch edged dark brown, acutely angulated and not reaching to dorsum.

14.0-20.0mm. Late June to early September. Forewing brown; basal patch obsolete; median fascia dark brown, only developed costally.

12.0-14.0mm. Late April to early July. Forewing ferruginous ochreous; markings poorly defined, three blackish triangular blotches, one on middle of costa, one before middle of dorsum and another dorsal blotch near tornus, sometimes these markings more or less confluent. Male with hindwing white and translucent basally, towards apex suffused blackish grey. Female with hindwing dark grey.

10.0-17.0mm. March to August (in Central Europe). Forewing creamy, heavily suffused plumbeous in some areas; basal patch well-developed distally with a tendency to reduction, median fascia narrow near costa and dorsum, produced distad at middle, both brownish. Hindwing in male whitish, brownish distally, in female wholly dark brownish grey.

11.0-16.0mm. Late May to early Sepember. Forewing pale ochreous grey to ochreous, sometimes slightly rosy-tinged; Markings ochreous brown or ferruginous. Variable species, markings forewing often reduced.

10.5-12.5mm. April to August (in Germany). Forewing with markings dark brown or ferruginous, less contrasting than in L. artemisiana. Hindwing brownish.

9.0-13.0mm. April, May and July, August (in Central Europe). Forewing with basal patch distinct, dark brown; median fascia ferruginous, mixed blackish. Hindwing greyish brown.

10.0-14.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing with basal patch well-defined, median fascia distinct, both dark brown. Hindwing grey.

Mid June to early August. These unmarked specimens belong to the nominate form, occurring about equally frequent to the fasciate form; see couplet 53.

14.0-19.0mm. The dark form f. rooana De Graaf, occurring mainly in marshy areas. See couplet 70.

13.0-15.0mm. May and June.

15.0-19.0 mm.

15.0-19.0mm. Mid June to early September. Forewing shorter, broader and costa more strongly arched than in the similar C. rosaceana.

15.0-19.0mm. July to early September. The forewing coloration loses much of its brightness already during life.

Male 17.0-22.0mm, female 14.0-18.0mm. Late May to end June. Forewing with median fascia purplish blackish brown, occasionally fragmented.

Forewing with basal two-thirds sometimes with pale markings.

Forewing often with pale markings, but these consist of fasciae before and/or beyond middle of wing.

Forewing with dark basal part sometimes with greyish, rather diffuse costal blotch before middle or transverse plumbeous grey striae.

Forewing with dark basal part sometimes with paler fascia, coloured pinkish white costally.

Late June to early August. Forewing with basal two-thirds blackish brown with irregular transverse plumbeous-grey striae.

Mid June to early September. Forewing with basal two-thirds dark brown with irregular black dots and before middle an often indistinct greyish blotch.

17.0-21.0mm. Mid June to early September. Forewing with pale colour varying from white to greyish and pale ochreous. Superficially resembling paler forms of A. semifasciana, but differing, besides in the characters used in the key, in its narrower forewing, in the paler ground colour and the presence of dark suffusion along dorsum. See couplet 45.

19.0-22.0mm. Late May to mid August. Pale colour forewing usually white, but sometimes slightly tinged yellowish.

15.0-19.0mm. Mid May to early August. Forewing with pale colour white, occasionally partly ochreous-tinged; in terminal area greyish suffusion from apical to tornal area.

Late April to early September. Forewing with outer edge of dark basal part followed in middle by a conspicuous blackish spot.

Late May to early August. Forewing with outer edge of dark basal part oblique from slightly beyond middle of costa to tornus and not followed by a distinct blackish spot (sometimes one, which is, however, connected with dark area).

17.0-22.0mm. Late June to early October. Forewing with pale colour pure white, sometimes with patches of pale ochreous; pale distal area without blackish spots, only with some pale grey strigulae.

16.0-21.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing with outer edge of dark basal part slightly convex and followed in middle by two or more black dots.

15.0-21.0mm. Mid May to mid September. Forewing with outer edge of dark basal part immediately followed in middle by two distinct black dots.

One of the largest Olethreutinae, 19.0-24.0mm. Mid June to early October.

10.5-15.0mm. June and July. Characteristic species.

14.0-18.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing with entire transverse fascia at one-third, three incomplete fasciae in apical area and three longitudinal streaks from base, all lustrous plumbeous. Readily distinguishable by characteristic colour and markings of forewing.

See couplet 35.

17.0-21.0mm. Late June to mid August. Forewing pale greyish.

18.0-21.0mm. Late June and July. Forewing pale greyish, occasionally distal third of wing whitish.

14.0-18.0mm. Early June to late July.

12.0-19.0mm. Late May and June. Forewing ferruginous ochreous, mixed black with metallic plumbeous striae; basal patch and median fascia ill-defined, blackish brown. Hindwing in male dark greyish brown, basal and median areas whitish or yellowish, in female unicolorous dark greyish brown. Similar to P. fuligana. See next couplet.

Occasionally forewing with terminal cilia irregularly barred yellowish and dark brown (see couplet 54). Hindwing in male not distinctly paler basally.

10.0-17.0mm. June and July (in Germany). Forewing brownish grey; markings blackish brown, indistinct and confluent; lustrous silvery grey striae mainly along edges of dark markings; apical part of pale tornal spot pointing to three-quarters to four-fifth of costa (in P penthinana from half-way to two-thirds); dark specimens occasionally almost unicolorous. Hindwing dark greyish brown, slightly paler basally. See preceding couplet.

15.0-22.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing pale brown to reddish brown, mixed paler, strigulated dark brown; median fascia well-developed, dark brown and with irregular edges.

See couplet 64.

Dark specimens with purplish brown appearance. See couplet 56.

The dark form with well-defined dark basal patch and median fascia. See couplet 26.

12.0-14.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing pale yellow, strigulated dark brown, striated plumbeous grey; basal patch and median fascia dark brown, space between them forming very broad pale striated transverse band; terminal cilia irregularly barred yellowish and dark brown. Hindwing dark grey; male with elongate projecting lobe at base of inner margin.

14.0-20.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing brownish grey; markings blackish brown; pale medio-dorsal blotch not bifurcate, with dark suffusion or absent, its inner side pointing to two-thirds to four-thirds of dorsum. Variable species, sometimes with paler areas, but also specimens with dark almost unicolorous forewings occur. thorax with posterior crest of raised scales brown to dark brown.

17.0-21.0mm. July and August. Forewing brownish grey; markings blackish brown; whitish medio-dorsal blotch bifurcate and usually well-defined, its inner side pointing to one half to two-thirds of dorsum. Less variable than preceding species. Thorax with posterioir crest of raised scales brown to dark brown.

11.5-17.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing with broad plumbeous striae; small white spot at end of disc. Labial palpus for the greater part yellowish grey or pale greyish white.

18.0-25.0mm. Late April to early September. Forewing with basal blotch(usually divided by pale fascia), median and sub-terminal fasciae and blotch along termen; often with whitish discocellular spot; cilia white, irregularly barred dark grey.

12.0-18.0mm. Early May to mid July. Forewing with basal patch usually weak; subterminal and terminal markings more or less subdivided into blotches; metallic markings absent; cilia brownish with whitish bars and spots or unicolorous brownish or whitish.

11.0-16.0mm. Late May to mid August. Forewing pure white with pale ochreous grey striae or suffusions, often with slight pinkish hue; markings grey, mixed black and ochreous: basal patch (with outer edge almost straight), median fascia and slender blotch along termen.

12.5-17.0mm. June and July. Hindwing blackish brown.

13.0-19.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing with white discocellular spot. Vertex ochreous to almost black.

13.0-19.0mm. Late May to mid July. Forewing with white discocellular spot. Vertex male ochreous, greyish yellow or brownish, female brownish olive. See also couplet 52.

12.0-15.0mm. Early June to early August. Forewing with pale colour light yellowish grey olive with silvery striae; basal patch distinct, median fascia and fused apical and terminal markings all blackish brown suffused with olive. Vertex black mixed pale yellowish. See couplet 69.

14.0-21.0mm. Late May to early July. Forewing with pale colour pure white, in distal area with ochreous and greyish shades; basal patch distinct, median fascia (with ochreous suffusion), fused apical and terminal markings, all almost black; white discocellular spot. Vertex brownish olive mixed blackish.

15.0-20.0mm. Mid May to early August. Forewing with pale colour light yellowish grey or light reddish ochreous, striated whitish; basal patch and median fascia well-defined (with inwardly one indentation above middle, sometimes indistinct); apical and terminal marks, all varying from ochreous grey to ochreous olive mixed with blackish brown. Hindwing with veins 6 and 7 stalked. See couplet 17.

Hindwing with veins 6 and 7 approximated near base.

14.0-19.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing with pale colour dull-whitish; basal patch, median fascia, apical and terminal markings brownish grey, dark brown or ferruginous.

10.5-16.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing with pale colour whitish, often suffused with grey or ochreous or reddish ochreous; basal patch, median fascia, apical and terminal markings, all varying from ochreous brown to dark reddish brown; extremely pale and very dark forms occur, both with diffuse markings.

See couplet 65.

Late May to mid July. Forewing with pale colour whitish; basal patch (with inner edge without excavation), median fascia (almost divided by a narrow elongate pale streak extending from inner edge above middle to four-fifth width of median fascia), apical and terminal markings, all brownish with slight olive tinge.

Early May to early October. Forewing with pale colour light ochreous or greyish ochreous with faint olive tinge; basal patch (usually not well-defined, with sinuate edge deeply excavated near middle), median fascia (interrupted, usually partly, above middle by pale longitudinal streak), apical and tornal markings, all blackish brown, suffused or strigulate with olive. Very variable species; paler and darker forms occur, ranging to an almost blackish form (see couplet 27).

Here key out the genus Ancylis (except A. achatana (couplet 100) and A. obtusana (couplet 91)) and also Rhopobota naevana.

12.0-16.0mm. Late June to mid September. Forewing often grey, but varying from white to blackish brown; basal patch and median fascia dark brown, indistinct in very dark specimens. Male with hindwing underside conspicuously suffused black towards costa.

Male with hindwing underside not suffused black towards costa.

13.0-18.0mm. Mid May to mid August. Vertex and thorax white. Forewing with ocellus greyish, edged white on termen.

12.0-16.0mm. Early May to early August. Forewing yellowish brown.

12.0-17.0mm. Late April to mid August. This is the f. subarcuana Douglas, which is associated with Salix repens. See couplet 77.

In A. uncella the line separating both areas in forewing is not whitish and interrupted by a dark fascia (see couplet 82).

12.0-18.0mm. Mid May to mid August.

12.0-18.0mm. Late April to mid August. This is the nominate form, which is associated with various Salix species except S. repens. See couplet 75.

In basal two-thirds of forewing some faint darker strigulae occur, distal part with paler markings.

13.0-18.0mm. Mid May to early July. Labial palpus only slightly longer than head.

11.0-16.0mm. Late May to early July. Labial palpus twice length of head. Forewing with ocellus occasionally concolorous with rest of wing.

12.0-17.0mm. Late April to early September. Forewing with ground colour ochreous brown.

15.0-20.0mm. Late April to early August. Forewing with triangular medio-dorsal blotch and large ovate ocellus occupying tornal and terminal areas, both whitish.

July and August, in Britain also from April to June. Forewing grey; basal patch obsolete near costa, median fascia not reaching to costa or obsolete near costa, both brown to dark brown. Specimens with almost unicolorous dark brown forewings are known.

Mid April to late August. Forewing grey; basal patch less distinct near costa, median fascia narrow, distinct throughout, both brown to dark brown. Variable species, markings of forewing may be obscure in dark specimens or strongly contrasting in pale specimens.

12.0-17.0mm. Mid May to late August. Forewing greyish; basal patch and median fascia deep reddish brown.

12.0-16.0mm. Late April to mid June. Forewing whitish; basal patch dark brown, usually notched, constricted or interrupted below its tip.

Forewing with tip basal patch rounded or sometimes faintly notched outwardly below tip.

10.0-14.0mm. Mid May to early June. Forewing whitish; basal patch dark brown, median fascia brown, mixed with ferruginous.

11.0-16.0mm. May to August. Forewing whitish; basal patch dark brown, median fascia brown, mixed with ferruginous.

16.0-24.0mm. Mid June to early September. Forewing moderately arched; deep ferruginous red. Hindwing in male grey, in female slightly darker with brownish hue.

16.0-24.0mm. Mid June to mid August. Forewing with costa almost straight; ferruginous orange; the silvery white striae often reduced. Hindwing in male brownish grey, in female blackish brown.

Mid May to early July. Forewing with general coloration ferrugineous brownish. See couplet 96.

Mid May to early July. Forewing with colour and markings reminiscent of Ancylis mitterbacheriana; basal patch dark ferruginous brown, paler towards costa, followed by a greyish white stria, broadly enlarged on costa.

14.0-18.0mm. April and May (in Germany). Forewing with ground colour silvery grey; basal patch and three fasciae (of which first one entire) brownish to ferruginous brown. Forewing underside with distinct whitish costal strigulae.

13.0-17.0mm. March, April and July, August (in Southern Europe). Forewing with blackish transverse lines in distal half of wing often connected by radial blackish lines. Hindwing greyish.

Late June to mid August. Forewing greyish brown irrorated whitish, with almost straight irregular plumbeous grey striae. Hindwing pale brown. See couplet 101.

15.0-22.0mm. Mid May to early July. Forewing brownish black strigulated and reticulated with silvery metallic and plumbeous; underside with white or whitish costal strigulae, at least near apex. Hindwing brown to blackish brown.

Late April to late June. Vertex, labial palpus and anterior part of thorax yellowish ferruginous. Forewing dark grey, irrorated whitish; basal patch, fascia at one-quarter and median fascia (sometimes less developed), all blackish brown; at least apical area ferruginous tinged.

Late April to early June. Vertex, labial palpus and anterior part of thorax pale yellowish ferruginous, sometimes with orangeous tinge. Forewing in basal two-thirds greyish, rest of wing ferruginous, but the division greyish-ferruginous varies.

12.0-18.0mm. April and early May. Labial palpus dark grey. Forewing blackish grey with three fasciae of whitish irroration, apical third ferruginous-tinged. Hindwing blackish grey.

Late June to late August. Forewing with basal two-thirds ochreous, distal third ferruginous; two dark brown fasciae in pale area, confluent near costa, and a third within ferruginous area. Hindwing brownish.

14.0-18.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing dark greyish brown, basal patch blackish brown, dark colour in distal area with strong ferruginous admixture.

12.0-16.0mm. Forewing greyish, wholly faintly ferruginous tinged but more pronounced in distal area; basal patch poorly defined, slightly paler than ground colour. Ferruginous tinged form. See also couplet 95.

Markings forewing occasionally very indistinct.

Forewing greyish brown. Dark form. See couplet 129.

See couplet 120.

Forewing with length costa slightly more than two times greatest width of wing; not or only weakly strigulated. Dark form. See couplets 169, 191 and 209.

Forewing dark grey, usually heavily strigulated. Dark form. See couplet 127.

Forewing rather uniformly dark grey, hardly strigulated. Dark form. See couplet 127.

To this alternative belong species with forewing for the greater part white or whitish, but with basal patch uniformly or almost uniformly black or blackish brown.

Mid June to late August. Forewing with edge of incomplete basal patch forming a costal mark and erect blackish dorsal spot; ocellus suffused black, edged metallic plumbeous. Forewing male without costal fold.

Mid May to early July. Forewing with basal patch brownish striated black, interrupted below costa; ocellus metallic plumbeous with central series of connected black dashes. Forewing male with costal fold.

12.0-18.0mm. Late May to mid August. Forewing white, variably suffused with greyish; ocellus edged metallic silvery, including two or three fragmented black dashes; other markings reduced, basal patch with edge represented by dark blackish spot near middle, median fascia incomplete.

June to August (in Germany). Forewing white, suffused with ochreous basally and dorsally; both fasciae inward-oblique and running almost parallel; ocellus including some square dots.

Mid June to early August. Forewing white, weakly suffused with grey; dorsal streak at one-quarter and median fascia (obsolete medially) not running parallel, both greyish olive to brownish olive; ocellus including two fractured black dashes.

Specimens with dark colour of forewing ferruginous or blackish ferruginous do not belong to this alternative.

12.0-17.0mm. April and May. Forewing pale grey; dorsal transverse streak shallowly concave, median fascia complete, these markings dark brown, but costal two-thirds of median fascia paler; ocellus absent. Forewing male without costal fold.

13.0-18.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing ochreous white; dorsal transverse streak almost straight; in dorsal half of wing only pre-tornal spot distinct; all markings blackish; ocellus absent. Forewing male with costal fold.

13.0-18.0mm. Late June to early October. Forewing whitish; dorsal transverse spot triangular, black, another less defined spot on tornus; ocellus weak. Occasionally forewing with all markings hardly discernible except dark triangular dorsal streak. For dark form see couplet 146.

Forewing with ground colour white, whitish or greyish white, sometimes slightly tinged pinkish.

13.0-16.0mm. May to August (in France). Forewing white with weak brownish grey suffusion; basal patch blackish grey; median fascia brown, blackish grey near tornus; apical area greyish brown; ocellus present.

15.0-22.0mm. Mid May to mid July. Forewing cream-white suffused with pale ochreous; large basal patch extending along costa, pre-tornal marking blackish; ocellus with three or four black dots.

Forewing with median fascia occasionally interrupted above middle, often ill-defined.

12.0-19.0mm. Late May to early August.

14.0-19.0mm. Late June to early September. Dark specimens with almost unicolorous greyish brown forewings occur (see couplet 104).

16.0-22.0mm. Late June to mid August. Forewing whitish, strigulated greyish. Male with costal fold to near middle.

16.0-21.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing white, strigulated darker, not strongly mixed greyish towards costa beyond middle; costa distinctly curved and wing comparatively broader. Male with costal fold to about two-fifth.

15.0-17.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing white, strongly mixed greyish, especially towards costa beyond middle; costa weakly arched and wing comparatively narrower. Male with costal fold to middle.

12.0-16.0mm. Late May to early August. Frons whitish.

14.0-17.0mm. Early June to early August. Forewing whitish, densely irrorated grey; markings dark grey; basal patch (sometimes less pronounced), ill-defined median fascia broadly interrupted near dorsum. See couplet 205.

11.0-17.0mm. September, October (in France June to October). Forewing with markings ochreous grey, basal patch obsolescent costally. Hindwing male with prominent cubital pecten. Antenna female without notch towards base. See couplet 134.

10.0-14.0mm. Late May to early October. Forewing often with dark appearance (see couplet 106); costal strigulae fine and distinct. Frons and vertex blackish grey.

12.0-17.0mm. Late April to early October. Forewing usually not with dark appearance (see couplet 106); costal strigulae indistinct or absent, Quite exceptionally specimens occur with narrow forewing or with dark strigulations. Frons and vertex blackish grey.

12.0-15.0mm. Late June to early September. Forewing ochreous white, suffused pale brownish; basal patch and pre-tornal spot dark greyish brown mixed blackish, both well-defined; other dark markings obsolescent. Frons, vertex and labial palpus brownish. Specimens with almost unicolorous blackish brown forewings occur.

10.0-14.0mm. Early June to early October. Forewing whitish, sometimes variably suffused grey; basal patch well-defined, grey, mixed black; median fascia diffuse and ill-defined, near costa strongly mixed brownish; pre-tornal spot greyish brown. Labial palpus with third segment and tuft second segment creamy or darker, remainder dark brown. For melanic form see couplet 103.

11.5-16.0mm. Late May to mid August. Forewing white, sometimes weakly tinged with ochreous; basal patch blackish brown mixed whitish; median fascia diffuse and ill-defined, near costa strongly mixed black; pre-tornal spot blackish. Labial palpus with third segment and apex pure white, remainder blackish.

Forewing usually comparitively narrower.

Occasionally ocellar area traversed by greyish vertical striae dotted with black (Gypsonoma nitidulana, couplet 156); in Epinotia immundana sometimes a pale ocellus with some blackish dashes (couplet 161).

12.0-15.5mm. Late June to early August. Forewing pale ochreous tinged rosy purplish. Forewing male without costal fold.

11.0-13.0mm. Early May to early June. Forewing with ground colour whitish, densely suffused and transversely strigulated brownish or greyish, distally usually ferruginous-tinged. Forewing male without costal fold. Similar to E. pygmaeana (couplet 184), but the latter species differs by the slightly rounded termen.

11.0-16.0mm. September, October; in England already from July. Forewing ochreous white with scattered dark grey strigulae; basal patch greyish, mixed whitish; median fascia ill-defined, oblique, greyish. Forewing male with short costal fold. Hindwing male with conspicuous cubital pecten. See couplet 126.

11.0-20.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing at least with apical half finely and weakly strigulate with brownish. Forewing male without costal fold.

13,0-21.0mm. July. Forewing pale ochreous grey, closely striated dark brown; costa in apical two-thirds strigulated whitish. Forewing male without costal fold.

Forewing male with costal fold. See couplet 151.

Markings forewing in female more contrasting than in male. Forewing male without costal fold. See couplet 156.

11.0-16.0mm. Late June to mid August. Forewing pale ochreous grey, sometimes partly suffused dark ochreous; costa strigulated with dark brown; basal patch interrupted or weakened near middle. Forewing male without costal fold.

15.0-23.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing with ground colour greyish white, variably suffused with dark brown and ochreous or blackish, with fine dark longitudinal streaks in discal area; basal patch diffuse, median fascia narrow costally, both brownish; ocellus including two to four fragmented blackish dashes. Forewing male with costal fold.

14.0-17.0mm. May and June (in Germany). Forewing with markings ill-defined, brownish; basal patch weak and median fascia indistinct; ocellus containing one or two blackish dashes. Forewing male without costal fold.

11.0-17.0mm. Late June to mid August. Forewing yellowish white, variably suffused with ochreous or brown; markings ochreous to dark brown. Forewing male without costal fold. Specimens with distinctly marked forewing key out here. See couplet 145.

15.0-19.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing pale ochreous; markings brownish. Forewing male without costal fold.

16.0-20.0mm. June and July (in England). Forewing with basal patch and median fascia weak and diffuse, both brown; blackish dashes in ocellus variable. Forewing male without costal fold.

Forewing coloration and development of the markings vary considerably. Forms with weakly marked forewings key out here. See couplet 143.

12.0-24.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing pale ochreous suffused with greyish brown; markings brownish, diffuse and ill-defined. Forewing male with costal fold to near middle.

Dark form. See also couplet 114.

15.0-21.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing with two parallel brown fasciae, one from tornal area to costa at one-quarter and a median fascia from tornus to middle of costa, the latter connected in middle by a straight streak with apex. Forewing male without costal fold.

11.0-13.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing blackish brown with pale inconspicuous medio-dorsal blotch and indistinct whitish costal strigulae apically; diffuse basal patch and median fascia obscure, only slightly darker than ground colour. Vertex blackish brown. Female with tip of slender ovipositor visible. See couplets 194 and 210.

Forewing of dark specimens blackish brown with indistinct or hardly discernible markings. Vertex dark brown. Female with tip of ovipositor not visible. See also couplets 155, 189 and 209.

12.0-18.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing ferruginous to very dark ferruginous with obscure markings. Variable species, for forms with white or whitish fascia see couplet 137. Forewing male with costal fold. Frons and vertex varying from yellowish brown to brown.

Also a variable species. Here key out specimens with poorly marked forewings; for specimens with well-marked forewing see couplet 153. Forewing male without costal fold. Frons and vertex ochreous.

12.0-16.0mm. Early June to early September. Forewing with dark coloration ochreous brown to ferruginous brown; pale markings whitish. Very variable species in colour and markings forewing. Forewing male without costal fold. See couplet 151.

10.0-13.0mm. Early May to early July. Forewing brownish. Hindwing with termen beneath apex markedly sinuate.

Hindwing with termen beneath apex straight or faintly sinuate. See also couplets 149, 189 and 209.

Male 11.0-18.0mm, female 10.0-14.0mm. Early May to early August. Forewing with pale coloration varying from whitish to pale greyish brown; dark coloration brown to dark brown; male with more uniform general coloration of forewing, see couplet 138.

15.0-20.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing with pale coloration light grey, sometimes tinged rosy, dark coloration brown or greyish brown.

Forewing male with costal fold. See couplet 168.

12.0-16.0mm. Late April to early July (only one generation). Forewing with pale coloration light greyish brown, dark colour greyish brown. Dark specimens occur with whole wing dark brown except for the pale costal strigulae and the plumbeous strigulae of the ocellus. Forewing male with costal fold. Similar to E. immundana, but general coloration forewing brownish, not blackish, see couplet 161.

14.0-16.0mm. June and July (in Great Britain). Forewing pale ochreous, striated dark brown; rather well-defined basal patch (followed by pale band reaching to costa), irregular median fascia, both brownish. Forewing male without costal fold.

11.0-15.0mm. Early June to early August. Forewing predominantly ashy blackish brown or dark brown. Length labial palpus equal to head, coloured greyish white and dark brown.

Labial palpus longer than head, unicolorous dark.

12.0-15.0mm. Mid April to late September (two generations). Forewing with pale coloration greyish white, variably irrorate and suffused with blackish brown; dark markings blackish brown. Similar to E. tetraquetrana, see couplet 158.

12.0-17.0mm. Late June to early October. Forewing with extreme wide variation in coloration and markings, characteristic is the ferruginous suffusion, sometimes restricted to small areas, e.g. dorsal blotch, but occasionally this suffusion may spread out over almost the whole wing.

See couplets 184 and 200. Forewing male with costal fold.

17.0-26.0mm. Mid June to early September. Forewing deep reddish brown; ocellus pale grey with two or three brown dots; dorsal blotch varies considerably in shape and is sometimes connected with ocellus, sometimes suffused with grey (see couplet 192) or occasionally obliterated.

13.0-16.5mm. Mid May to early July. Forewing dark grey, irrorated whitish; between basal patch and median fascia a white blotch, often extended and darkened towards costa. Forewing male without costal fold.

Forewing male with or without costal fold.

Forewing male with costal fold.

Forewing male with costal fold.

Forewing male with or without costal fold.

16.0-21.0mm. Mid June to early September. Forewing dark brownish grey, slightly purplish tinged; both pale dorsal blotches well-defined, never fused. See couplet 157.

13.0-23.0mm. May to early August. Forewing brownish grey, without purplish tinge, distal area often paler; pale dorsal blotches ill-defined and sometimes fused. Pronounced sexual dimorphism, male very variable in extension of white or whitish coloration. See also couplet 171 for male and couplet 179 for female.

Forewing with pale dorsal blotch variably shaped. Forewing male without costal fold. See couplets 105, 191 and 209.

Forewing male with costal fold.

18.0-23.0mm. Early July to early September. Forewing varying from pale greyish to brown; white dorsal blotch broadly edged blackish inwardly, outwardly edged less pronounced. Very variable species. See couplets 182 and 199.

17.0-23.0mm. Late June to early October. Forewing varying from brownish and ferruginous to blackish brown; whitish dorsal blotch only slightly edged darker inwardly, outwardly without distinct dark edging. One of the most variable species of Tortricidae. See couplets 182 and 200.

See couplets 168 for male and 179 for female.

12.0-19.0mm. June and July. Forewing brownish, often with blackish brown strigulation; pale areas yellowish white.

See couplet 177.

12.0-15.0mm. June, July. Forewing varying from brown to dark greyish brown; ocellus ferruginous, edged plumbeous grey.

12.0-18.0mm. Forewing brown; ocellus brownish white.

13.0-23.0mm. May to early August. Forewing dark brownish grey; dorsal blotch whitish, distinctly smaller than in male. For male see couplets 168 and 171.

13.0-18.0mm. Late May to early July. Forewing blackish brown; ocellus not conspicuous, whitish. See couplet 174.

12.0-20.0mm. May to early August. Forewing dark brownish grey with dorsal part slightly ferruginous; dorsal blotch white or whitish, broad and subquadrate. See for female couplet 180.

13.0-23.0mm. May to early August. Forewing dark brownish grey; dorsal blotch whitish, distinctly smaller than in male. For male see couplets 168 and 171, for female also couplet 176.

14.0-20.0mm. Mid May to early August. Forewing brownish grey to blackish brown; ocellus varying from ochreous to brownish grey; inner edge of dorsal blotch with acute angle to dorsum (about 60 grad.).

12.0-20.0mm. May to early August. Forewing darker than in male (see couplet 179); ocellus suffused grey; inner edge of dorsal blotch almost perpendicular to dorsum.

Forewing male with costal fold.

Forewing male with or without costal fold.

Very variable species. See couplets 170 and 199.

Extremely variable species. See couplets 170 and 200.

Late May to early July. Forewing with basal patch and median fascia brown to blackish brown, sometimes slightly reddish-tinged; the space between them forming a paler fascia; ocellus large, broadly edged plumbeous. Similar to E. subsequana (see couplet 133) from which it differs by absence of black dashes in ocellus and straight or rounded termen forewing. Forewing male without costal fold.

Very variable species. See couplets 162 and 201. Forewing male with costal fold.

Forewing male with costal fold.

Forewing male with or without costal fold.

15.0-20.0mm. Late May to early September.

17.0-23.0mm. Late August to early October.

Forewing male with costal fold. See couplets 198 and 202.

9.0-12.0mm. Mid May to late June. Forewing pale yellowish grey with dark brown markings.

Forewing almost uniformly blackish brown with markings indistinct or hardly discernible. Forewing male with costal fold. Vertex dark brown. See couplets 149, 155 and 210.

Forewing male without costal fold.

12.0-15.0mm. Forewing sometimes with some silvery transverse striae; forms with almost unicolorous ferruginous wing occur. See couplet 203.

12.3-19.0mm. See couplets 105, 169 and 209.

Forewing with basal patch often edged distinctly dorsally when it is followed by pale dorsal blotch.

Forewing male with costal fold. See couplet 164.

Forewing male without costal fold. See couplet 205.

Forewing male with costal fold. See couplet 148 and 208.

16.0-22.0mm. Early June to mid July. Forewing pale ochreous grey irrorated brown; basal patch and median fascia brown, the latter narrow and indistinct towards costa. Forewing male with costal fold.

Forewing male without costal fold. See couplet 209.

Forewing male with costal fold.

21.0-30.0mm. Forewing pale ochreous brown with poorly defined brown markings: basal patch and obsolescent median fascia. See also couplets 188 and 202.

Very variable species. See couplet 170 and also couplet 182.

Extremely variable species. See couplet 170 and also couplet 182.

18.0-25.0mm. Late August to early November. Forewing with markings dark brown, obscure and poorly defined; much less variable in coloration and markings than related species.

16.0-23.0mm. Late June to early October. Forewing usually with markings obscure and poorly defined, but sometimes markings distinct: basal patch and irregular median fascia. Melanistic forms occur. Extremely variable species in coloration and markings forewing. See couplets 162 and 184.

Male 21.0-26.0mm, female 26.0-32.0mm. Late May to late July. Forewing ochreous brown; median fascia usually discernible on costa and medially, with small elongate whitish disco-cellular dash; ocellus absent. Forewing male with costal fold. See also couplets 188 and 198.

Forewing male with or without costal fold.

12.0-16.0mm. Mid June to early August. Forewing with pale colour ochreous white to pale greyish brown; markings greyish to brown, often with faint olive or ferruginous tinge; basal patch very oblique (at an angle of 30 –45o to dorsum), median fascia confluent with subterminal fascia. A variable species. Forewing male without costal fold. See also couplet 191.

This character is even discernible in less distinctly marked forms of E. nanana (couplet 203). Forewing male without costal fold.

Forewing male with or without costal fold.

See couplet 124.

Late May to early August. Forewing whitish, densely strigulated and often suffused brown, usually giving it a dark appearance; markings dark brown.

Forewing male without costal fold.

Forewing male with or without costal fold.

12.0-16.0mm. July and August (in Germany). Forewing pale brownish mixed or overlaid with ferruginous brown; pale coloration white mixed with ochreous and brown.

11.0-16.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing ferruginous brown; pale coloration white, suffused with ochreous and grey. See couplet 195.

12.3-18.5mm. Mid June to Mid September. Forewing extremely variable in coloration and markings; colour varying from predominating greyish white to blackish brown, often mixed with ochreous or olive brown; see also couplet 169. For unicolorous blackish form see couplet 105 and for rather uniformly coloured specimens see couplet 191. Frons with whitish hair-scales; vertex with greyish brown, whitish-tipped hair-scales, in pale specimens almost unicolorous whitish.

17.5-22.5mm. From mid June to early September. Forewing grey or greyish white, variably suffused with grey; basal patch and median fascia darker; whole wing as well as vertex and thorax with scales variably tipped whitish, these pale tipped scales absent in Z. isertana. The vast majority of the Dutch specimens belong to forms with forewing almost uniformly dark coloured or with less contrasting pale markings (see couplet 197). Frons and vertex with greyish-brown, whitish-tipped hair-scales.

10.0-13.0mm. Early April to late July. Forewing dark brown, basal patch sometimes with white fascia, median fascia limited by two pairs of white or whitish striae; cilia greyish with conspicuous white subapical dash. Forewing male with costal fold. Vertex dark brown. Variable species. For dark forms see couplets 149 or 190, for pale form couplet 155.

Forewing male with or without costal fold.

Forewing male with costal fold. Vertex blackish brown. Female with tip of slender ovipositor visible without dissection. See couplets 149 and 195.

9.0-12.0mm. Late May to early July. Forewing with basal patch, dark median fascia and dark sub-terminal markings brown. Forewing male without costal fold. Vertex dark brown. Female with tip of ovipositor not visible without dissection.

Genus Dichrorampha. Labial palpus rather long, twice length of head. Forewing olive brown, often with more or less distinct medio-dorsal blotch. Rather small (8.5-27.0mm), with robust appearance.

Dichrorampha sylvicolana has in the forewing an inconspicuous ochreous yellow medio-dorsal blotch which is at least ill-defined outwardly and includes some darker strigulae (see couplet 221).

8.5-11.0mm. Late May to early July. Forewing brownish olive, slightly greyish tinged; medio-dorsal blotch reaching to beyond middle of wing, its apex more or less connected with first pair of strigulae. Hindwing brownish.

Medio-dorsal blotch of forewing reaching at most to about middle of wing, exceptionally with small dark spot at dorsum.

12.0-16.0mm. Mid May to early August. Forewing greyish brown, mixed or suffused with ochreous orange; medio-dorsal blotch not reaching middle of wing; costal strigulae ochreous orange. Hindwing dark brown to blackish brown.

Late April to early August. Forewing blackish brown. Hindwing dark grey, paler basally.

12.0-15.0mm. Mid May to early July. Forewing greyish brown, suffused yellowish, the wing appearing yellowish brown.

13.0-16.0mm. Late June to late August. Coloration forewing as in preceding species.

10.0-15.0mm. Mid May to mid September. Forewing with medio-dorsal blotch triangular, plumbeous grey; cilia broadly white; costal fold in male reaching to about one-third of wing. Hindwing dark grey.

In D. plumbagana medio-dorsal blotch often obscure because of slight difference between its colour and wing coloration. Male with costal fold.

Male with or without costal fold.

10.0-15.0mm. Late May and June. Forewing wholly densely irrorate with pale ochreous; costal strigulae greyish white producing distinct, somewhat metallic plumbeous striae. Forewing male with costal fold rather long, reaching to near middle.

9.0-12.0mm. Late May and June. Forewing with pale ochreous yellow irroration, most pronounced distally; costal strigulae white, producing obscure plumbeous striae. Forewing male with costal fold to about one-third.

Late June to early September. The Dichrorampha species with the darkest and most robust appearance. Forewing dark greyish brown, distal half with ochreous orange irroration; medio-dorsal blotch reaching to middle, at least outwardly ill-defined and including some dark strigulae. Male with costal fold reaching nearly to middle of wing. Hindwing blackish brown.

Forewing male with costal fold. Frons and vertex greyish brown or yellowish grey.

Forewing male without costal fold. Frons and vertex greyish brown.

12.0-17.0mm. Late May to early September. Forewing greyish brown; medio-dorsal blotch pale grey, triangular, straight-edged, margined darker outwardly; costal fold male reaching to near middle of wing. Hindwing blackish brown. Frons and vertex greyish brown.

13.0-15.0mm. Late May to early July. Forewing greyish brown; medio-dorsal blotch broad, indistinct and ill-defined or absent; costal fold male reaching to middle of wing. Hindwing brownish. Frons and vertex yellowish grey.

12.0-16.0mm. Mid May to mid June. Forewing brownish grey; medio-dorsal blotch triangular, slightly paler. Hindwing blackish brown, in male paler basally.

12.0-16.0mm. Mid May to early June. Forewing as in D. sedatana, except for the pale yellow irroration (see couplet 224). Hindwing dark brown, paler basally. For female see couplet 226.

12.0-15.0mm. Late April to early July. Forewing brownish grey; medio-dorsal blotch triangular, slightly paler; costa spotted obscurely pale yellow. Hindwing brown, in male slightly paler basally.

12.0-16.0mm. Mid May to early June. Forewing brownish grey, medio-dorsal blotch triangular, slightly paler; costa spotted distinctly pale yellow. Hindwing dark brown. See couplet 225 for male.

Forewing with metallic fascia occasionally interrupted or present as edge of dark median fascia; often more of such striae present; medio-dorsal blotch absent.

Forewing with pale coloured dorsal blotch without metallic lustre often present.

Forewing with basal two-thirds overlaid with dark purplish brown, brownish or slightly ferruginous.

Mid April to early June. Forewing dark purplish brown; median fascia indistinct, blackish brown edged distally by metallic stria; apical area beyond this deep ferruginous orange tinged with plumbeous metallic spots and striae. Hindwing dark brown, male with elongate blackish patch along vein 1c towards termen. See couplet 278.

May to early July. Forewing brownish grey, slightly tinged ferruginous; median fascia dark ferruginous brown, edged distally by bright plumbeous metallic stria; beyond this orange ochreous.

10.0-14.0mm. Mid May to mid June. Labial palpus and frons whitish. Hindwing male with rather indistinct dark grey patch along vein 1c towards termen. See couplet 284.

9.5-12.0mm. Late April to early June. Forewing blackish brown, densely and finely irrorate with white. Hindwing dark brown, often whitish in basal half. Frons, vertex and labial palpus dark brown, the latter diffusely irrorate with white.

8.0-11.0mm. May and June. Forewing blackish brown, finely irrorate with whitish; median fascia often constricted or interrupted below costa. Hindwing dark brown. Frons, vertex and labial palpus blackish grey, irrorate with white.

10.0-15.0mm. Late April to early June. Forewing blackish brown, irrorate with golden yellowish; four or five plumbeous metallic striae. Hindwing blackish brown, often slightly paler basally. Frons, vertex and labial palpus greyish brown. See couplet 242.

Late April to early June. Forewing with pale colour pale brownish grey, thick silvery striae in distal half; darker markings dark greyish brown; basal patch well-defined, strongly angulated or produced in middle; median fascia rather distinct. Hindwing underside of male unicolorous dark brown. Labial palpus, frons and vertex dark greyish brown, irrorate with whitish.

Mid May to early July. Forewing brown with slight olive tinge, distal third mixed ochreous; metallic violaceous striae from one-third. Hindwing underside of male with whitish elongate patch along dorsum to tornus. Labial palpus, frons and vertex ochreous white, frons and vertex sometimes greyish brown.

Forewing with white costal strigulae, some producing bluish plumbeous striae. See couplet 281.

Forewing with white or whitish costal strigulae, sometimes weak, some producing obsolescent bluish plumbeous striae. See couplet 281.

9.0-11.0mm. April and May (in England). Forewing dark greyish brown, in distal third suffused with ochreous or ferruginous; pale median stria silvery dorsally and becoming metallic plumbeous towards costa. Labial palpus, frons and vertex dark brown.

8.0-14.0mm. Early May to early June. Forewing dark greyish brown, in distal third suffused with pale ochreous; the bent median pale stria narrow, metallic bluish plumbeous, white towards costa. Labial palpus, frons and vertex greyish brown.

10.0-13.0mm. Late April to mid June. Forewing dark greyish brown, irrorate or suffused with ochreous; the bent median pale stria broad, metallic bluish plumbeous. Frons, vertex and third segment labial palpus greyish brown, first and second segment of labial palpus pale grey.

June. Forewing dark brown; median pale stria whitish suffused metallic plumbeous. Labial palpus, frons and vertex brownish grey. Hindwing brownish, in male whitish in cell.

10.0-15.0mm. See couplet 234.

9.5-14.0mm. Mid May to early September. Forewing blackish brown; median stria metallic plumbeous or whitish, interrupted or obsolescent in middle, bisected by dark transverse line in both costal and dorsal half. Frons, vertex and labial palpus dark greyish brown. Hindwing in both sexes greyish brown, paler basally. See couplet 248.

Broad pale medio-dorsal, inwardly angulated bands extending to costal area of forewing are not considered as blotches.

Forewing with pale medio-dorsal spot occasionally with one transverse line, only with some dorsal dots or without dark markings.

13.0-18.0mm. Late May to early August. Forewing brown; pale dorsal patch creamy white, curved outwardly, divided by distinct dark transverse line.

10.0-13.0mm. Late April and May (in Great Britain). Forewing dark brown and blackish brown; white costal strigulae already from one third; pale dorsal patch white, long, narrow and curved outwardly, divided by distinct dark transverse line. Hindwing male white, apical and costal area dark brown; hindwing female unicolorous dark brown.

Forewing with apex of pale medio-dorsal blotch occasionally curved outwardly.

12.0-13.0mm. May and June (in Germany). Forewing dark brown. Hindwing in both sexes reddish brown.

See couplet 242.

Hindwing male with basal half whitish, distal half greyish brown; hindwing female wholly greyish brown.

Hindwing male uniformly brownish or greyish brown in both sexes.

11.0-17.0mm. May and June. Forewing dark brown; pale medio-dorsal spot not or indistinctly bisected.

11.0-15.0mm. Late June to early August. Forewing dark brown; pale medio-dorsal spot not or indistinctly bisected.

13.0-19.0mm. June (in Germany also in July). Forewing brownish; pale medio-dorsal spot curved or angulated.

13.0-16.0mm. Late May and June. Forewing brownish; pale medio-dorsal spot curved.

9.0-13.0mm. Late June to early September. Forewing dark brown; sometimes both blotches coalescing (see couplet 276). The forewing pattern is unique for tortricid moths.

13.0-15.0mm. Early July to late August. Forewing brownish orange, mixed olive brown in basal third; medio-dorsal blotch ochreous orange with brown dividing line, sometimes reduced.